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Viennese architecture. Some works


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Jewelry Schullin 2. Hans Hollein, 1982

I recently visited Vienna and I am impressed to see that is one of those cities, like Paris and London, contains a highly significant historic heritage and rich. The Austrian capital is an intense cultural and spatial condensation, which is situated within a short time period, the final years of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth.

<--- That was a golden age of intellectual splendor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and lasted over fifty short years between 1865 and 1920. Also in line with historical convulsions end a political entity heir of the Holy Roman Empire, then Austrian, which would have a combined length of nearly 1,000 years.

The fin de siècle Viennese culture must be characterized by a high sophistication, the result of the interaction of a large multiplicity of peoples, countries and identities. To receive this just a brief look at the many personalities who came together in a celebrated cafés, and both have contributed to the creation of the modern world as we perceive it in more recent times. Since philosophers like Ludwig Wittgenstein and scientists like Freud, painters such as Klimt, Kokotscha and Schiele, musicians such as Mahler, Schoenberg and Berg, to writers such as Karl Kraus, Robert Musil and the poet Georg Trakl. And of course architects.

Intense Viennese cultural history throughout the twentieth century from the architecture can be represented by some commercial cover as constructed claims have been superimposed on earlier buildings ideo of romantic. Reflect the concerns of a dynamic society to the pursuit of an authenticity feature. Works of people such as Otto Wagner and his followers of Secezion and Wiener Werkstätte , which paved the way for a radical overhaul of the architecture. And others of critics of the frauds aesthetic of his time, led by Adolf Loos and the most brilliant intellectuals.

The modern transformation of the city of Vienna is clearly related to the construction of the esplanade defensive glacis vacuum of several hundred meters from the Altstadt, the old part of the city and the suburbs, the then, once established, will be called the Ring. Was that a vast operation of urban construction that gave the Austrian city with its most distinctive stamp. The process begins in mid-nineteenth century by holding a contest to redefine the public space, transforming a central link that connected the old center and the districts were consolidated and peripheral crown. The winning project of Ludwig von Foster generation raised a wide boulevard outside annular connecting a series of five plots gridded rectangular blocks and dotted by numerous representative buildings that would stand between the large gardens and monuments. The ring road is crowned with the existing walk along the river Danube.

The resulting architecture palatial buildings combining residential apartments, for the burgeoning middle class Viennese, as well as numerous cultural and administrative facilities. Monumentality to be seen was the result of applying the architectural language of the whole of romantic historicism in the prevailing resource recovery figurative classical architecture. Something that gives the city a strong stylistic unity and the glowing references built as the new City Hall, the Austrian Parliament, State Opera and numerous museums and monumental churches. In this constructive process played an important role, Gottfried Semper, as renowned theorist of German academic scene of the moment.

The cultural sophistication achieved in that crepuscular moment is represented by the strong reaction intelectualidad contra el arte romántico y la arquitectura historicista. Son unos años de intensas polémicas estéticas mantenidas entre los arquitectos, que se aglutinaron en torno al movimiento de la Wiener Secezion , liderada por Otto Wagner. Allí, al igual que en otras ciudades europeas se plantea una renovación estilística radical que se inspiraría en formas naturales y la aplicación de un decorativismo de nuevo cuño. Numerosos edificios ligados a la nueva estética fueron realizados en la ciudad en esos años por los colaboradores de aquél; gente como Hoffmann, Joseph María Olbrich, Max Fabiani o Josef Plecnik.

Pavilion Karlsplatz subway station. Otto Wagner. 1901

even Wagner in its final stage of its waste would follow historicist works to raise the stamp of the secessionist aesthetics. The twin buildings at the Otto Wagner Karlsplatz made for the underground railway in the city, next to the pavilion Postsparkasse and Joseph Olbrich's Secession, represent a radical break with the language of the old architecture. This will rely on new spatial concepts and the renewed use of more contemporary material. Everything is coated with a floral expression adjective architecture, in line with the aesthetic sensibilities several contemporary artists.

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Pharmacy Engel. Oskar Laske, 1902

A home in which that effort is inherently present decorative design is made for Oskar Laske building in Bognergasse Engel Apotheke. Laske, a member of the Viennese Secession movement and disciple of Wagner, is limited to redefine the narrow facade of the building by establishing a structure of symmetry with a double center hole defining the space of pharmacy in the ground and first floors, the ornament principal is established by applying two identical tiles that represent two separate potions are angels from above.

A second wave of brilliance of Viennese architecture is represented by Adolf Loos, the most critic of historicism and then the decorative style of the Secessionists. It is an approach that would anticipate the nature of the European avant-garde that would follow. For Loos, the authenticity of the architecture would have to arise from the radical stripping of the architecture of those essential elements. His battle against the ornament will mean a isolation from their professional environment and condemnation coming from the distinguished Viennese society that kept endless controversy.

Tailoring Knize. Adolf Loos, 1913

The claim of Western culture, exemplified by that which he received in the United States from the late nineteenth century, made him a great advocate of practical fashion against the smug clothing empire. He considered himself an exponent of sophisticated elegance. As a result, Loos had many clients in the field of tailoring what it would take to run your building best known for the clothing firm Goldman & Salatsch in Michaelerplatz.

Another example is the reform of local Tailors Knize that would stand in the street the city's busiest, Graben. Your home reflects the architect's ideas strongly with functional simplicity that would become standard in many places: several small glass windows on the sides of the access door to the building. The artifact exhibition of products for sale would be framed in two massive pieces arc of polished black granite, under a frieze of the same material that includes the company logo. Be configured and a mask that denies the building which clearly integrates cutting historicist.

Kärnter Bar Adolf Loos, 1909

similar thing take place for another minute local, Kärnter American Bar, an area of \u200b\u200b4.5 x 6 mts. Particular admiration for American culture is clearly reflected here. The facade is characterized by the stained glass window lit, which serves as the American flag motif. The use of exotic materials such as mahogany, onyx and marble Greek Kyros, contributes to the dignity of the small enclosure.

A return to ornamental practices, the sophisticated use and refinement in the design is found again with the architecture of Hans Hollein, that recovered in the 70's, that taste for luxury and sophisticated materials.

hatching coincides with a technological language, which are involved as some other Austrian architects Haus-Rucker and Co, Coop Himmelblau and Gustav Peichl. A group that some (such as Charles Jencks) have labeled Supersensual. This rich movement would lead to some episodes rich contemporary architectural practice. For example, Hans Hollein would fit in the group led by Paolo postmodern Portoguesi be presented by the famous Strada Novisima in the 1980 Venice Biennale. There, his contribution to the known presence of the past, would make a wink the reinterpretation of the Austrian cultural heritage by proposing a columned porch that would integrate the historicism of the palaces of the Ring with the column skyscraper competition for the Chicago Tribune of Loos and the coarseness of the materials in a column topiary plant.

The presence of the past. Strada Novísima Home for the Venice Biennale. Hans Hollein, 1980

Hollein take place in Vienna a select group of stores. Premises of refined aesthetics and exquisite layout in small spaces. Small commercial work that develops in that Hollein time in the old town of Vienna, are an intelligent synthesis of decorative Secessionist aspirations and taste for premium materials Loosian purism.

One of them, the candle shop in Kohlmarkt Retti, made in 1965, continues to use a bare polished aluminum plate to mask the nineteenth-century facade of another building. A radical symbolic strategy that represents a sort of metal box or jewelry which bear the wonders of a colorful interior, consisting of a simple geometry of two intersecting cubes.

Shop

Retti candles. Hans Hollein, 1965

Another cover of sensual impact is to be prepared for the second seat of the jewelry Schulin, 1982, another major shopping street of the historic center of Vienna, Kohlmarkt. This sophisticated strategy Hollein reach a higher level of detail and artistic luxury distances him from his predecessors. The use of a portal sculpture, consisting of two oak columns supporting a solid piece of bronze, define an element of attraction to a colorful interior, full of references to formal suits and decorative motifs from the Viennese tradition.

This group covers, I had occasion to appreciate, reflect the continuing dialectic between tradition and modernity. A dispute in which the modern attempt to subjugate those who have gone before, establishing mechanisms of masking and distortion, if not radical rejection of the inherited culture.

is a process of creative destruction in which the development means that in some cases, lost valuable cultural artifacts, transformed wild on a desire to impose the most contemporary expression. It's something that can be positive when acting with a greater level of development cultural and provide a higher level of intellectual sophistication. On the contrary, it is absolutely despicable if those involved do it from the contempt for the riches provided above.

is what progress has .--->

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LA LAGUNA hosts an exhibition of drawings FILM - FIMUCITÉ 4

poster and press release:

FILM EXHIBITION OF DRAWINGS in La Laguna - 4

FIMUCITÉ
From August 10 to September 17, 2010.
Venue: Exhibition Hall at the former convent of Santo Domingo, in La Laguna (Tenerife).
Room Schedule: 10:00 am to 14:00 pm

Carlos Miranda, the artist Islands, out in La Laguna a selection of his illustrations, which premiered at the closing concert of the FIMUCITÉ 4 (Festival of Music Tenerife Film), which was the main attraction this year as the music of composer John Williams for movies Steven Spielberg
drawings accompanied the Tenerife Symphony Orchestra in his excellent musical performance, under the baton of Diego Navarro, director of the Festival. A tribute to the two creators canaries were willing to pay the teacher Williams, who signed scores of the biggest blockbusters of Hollywood: "Indiana Jones", "Jurassic Park", "Jaws" or "ET the Extra-Terrestrial" are some examples. Moreover, this impeccable resume we add the saga of "Star Wars" (The Wars) by director George Lucas plus other such memorable como “Superman” y “Harry Potter”.

El ex convento de Santo Domingo , es sede de la Concejalía de Música y Cultura del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de San Cristóbal de La Laguna , y colaborador en la difusión de la muestra.

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a new look at an exhibition of drawings FILM - FIMUCITÉ 4

"La lista de Shindler", uno de los dibujos con más aceptación por el público visitante a la exposición. (grafito y lápiz blanco sobre papel Canson). Este dibujo fue creado a&nbsp;partir de cuatro fotogramas diferentes, es decir, que seleccioné cuatro gestos diferentes de toda la secuencia para crear una imagen única: la expresión del rostro de Liam Neeson que me pareció más adecuada, el gesto de su mano cogiendo el papel y la inclinación del cuerpo, el gesto en la cara del actor&nbsp;Ben Kingsley, su pode con las manos al escribir. (ver detalle de la ilustración en entrada anterior a este blog: jueves&nbsp;29 julio 2010)

"Aventuras en la Tierra" (grafito sobre papel)

"Aventuras en la Tierra" (detalle)

"Bienvenidos al Parque Jurásico" (acuarela liquid and colored pencils)

"Hedwig, the owl" (Harry Potter). technique: graphite pencil and white pencil on Canson paper.

"Close Encounters of the Third Kind" (colored pencil on black paper).
I had to be especially careful when making this picture, it should seize the paper color (black) and tonal value, caring "does not draw more lines on the account" if there would not have sufficient contrast to make the scene look a backlight. So that the child I used to draw a range of pencils cream, ocher, vermilion, yellow and orange half to give volume to the figure, preserving as I say the black paper as a point of maximum darkness in the scene. In addition, one has take into account that the crayons do not cover 100% of the surface of the cardboard, so when I applied the white pencil for light from the door, was a sort of translucent white, gray ... the drawing is not very big DIN A-4 size or so.

Live You can see these pictures and many more in the exhibition DRAWINGS FIMUCITÉ FILM-4, from 10 August to 17 sepiembre de 2010 en&nbsp;la Sala del Ex convento de Santo Domigo, La Laguna (Tenerife).&nbsp; Horario Sala: de lunes a viernes, de 10:00h. a 14:00 h.&nbsp;&nbsp; Colabora el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de San Cristóbal de La Laguna.

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VIENNA MASK A CRITIQUE TO STANDARD CONSTRUCTION MINIMUM HABITABLE

lamas solution for the correction of sunlight in the Hospital de Dolores . Federico García Barba y Cristina González Vázquez, architects. La Laguna, Tenerife. 2005

A new regulation that affects the shape of the buildings and, especially, the conditions construction and associated technical facilities required has started officially in Spain for some time. This is called the Technical Building Code, together with all documents that develop, a new reference is mandatory for all professionals working in the field of architecture.

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A major administrative effort that is expanding year by year program whose goal was, in principle, improve the conditions in which it develops the practice of building on this country and that however, is actually a major obstacle to developing a real quality architecture to contain numerous misconceptions. English Technical Code is a collection of standards that prevail in some misconceptions about the many approaches to sustainability and unjustified. As a whole, represents a bureaucratic conception of the profession and will bring long-term a progressive loss of the quality of what is to be improved theoretically.

In the field of architecture and engineering related facilities, Technical Building Code has become a nightmare. An administrative tool rather than requiring an excessive effort to justify mandatory conditions. Contains glaring errors in relation to the objectives sought to improve construction quality and progress in the sustainability of the technologies applied to buildings.

live in an age that progresses to a massive destruction of vital resources, where the destruction caused by an environmental predatory civilization is to slow or halt with tools that do nothing but further complicate the difficult situation that we suffer. It seems like we're doomed inexorably to meet that second law of thermodynamics saying that in any isolated system the entropy tends to increase over time. Considering the entropy in generic terms as the tendency to chaos and futility, it is clear that our actions sometimes dramatically accelerate this process.

could almost associate this with the continuing social and media reference to compliance with the Kyoto Protocol and the necessary reduction of greenhouse gases. About empty propaganda slogans that are continually in the mouths of politicians, academics and professionals and those involved enormous resources that are merely in the marketing of the declarations that tend to produce opposite effect to what is intended. Should require greater prudence in the disposition of instruments are not scientifically verified in a manner sufficient to be faced in achieving these noble objectives.

beneficial effect of the action of moisture from the clouds in the Northern climate of the island of Tenerife. Graphic: Francisco Ferrer, University of La Laguna

Another of those elements of distortion is the movement that is grouped under the banner of sustainability in architecture and transforming factor and progress. A collective effort that is leading to technical aberrations to be led by those who have no adequate knowledge. This is an area in which many claims of truth efforts have emerged to eventually create a huge confusion by not being sufficiently supported scientifically. The presence here clearly spelled economic interests is also having disastrous consequences. As an example of this can occur countless nominally materials and sustainable solutions clearly do not match those objectives to defend, and which are supported strongly by the interests of industry and plant construction.

Residential construction is a sector that consumes lots of resources and has inserted the provision of a large amount of energy. Both the production of materials needed, such as transportation and disposal of buildings is a very high energy consumption. Something that also occurs with the renovation and reconstruction which is sometimes done for purely speculative and has nothing to do with the real durability of buildings. This is a paragraph that represents a substantial part of incremental waste of natural resources on which we are immersed.

But another big part of this waste, which is related to the energy consumption is directly related to poor design and employment of all kinds of misconceptions in the design of the architecture, both constructive and aesthetic as merely low-quality technical solutions to buildings. Lately, they have returned to defend the so-called passive strategies in the design phase of work aimed at reducing energy consumption and guaranteeing adequate environmental comfort conditions. It is what some call bioclimatic architecture, in a confusing adjectives at least

passive strategies in architectural design has a fundamental role analysis and understanding of three elements that make up the climate comfort places in relation to people: the sunlight, relative humidity and temperature. These factors are essential in shaping the climate of the territories and which have very important differences between different regions of the world and in the course of the seasons.

constructive forms that address the correction of sunlight and protection from other severe weather are, so to speak, a repertoire of formal devices that have historically distinct architectural responses from some places and others. They provide a range of resources about aesthetic, contemporary use of which has just led to countless imitative de aberraciones constructivas y a problemas de climatización forzada casi insolubles en algunos casos. Es lo que ocurre, por ejemplo, con el empleo de fachadas acristaladas en muro cortina, sin protección solar en los climas tropicales.

Solución errónea y optima para el posicionamiento de los edificios respecto al sol en invierno y verano en la zona de Miami. Esquema realizado por Victor Olgvay para Arquitectura y Clima

Determinados autores han estudiado este problema proponiendo soluciones que tienen una influencia decisiva en la forma de las edificaciones y la arquitectura. Un precedente ha sido el esfuerzo del norteamericano Victor Olgyay , whose book Architecture and Climate of 1963 is an essential reference for understanding the scope of the issues that profoundly affect the architecture. In that text, Olgvay proposed the establishment of a thermal comfort internal theoretical values \u200b\u200bcombined a series of atmospheric elements that influence the definition of an adequate framework for buildings. Among them, the latitude of the place and how that occurs the related direct sunlight, the daily average temperature during the different months and seasons, with relative humidity and the action of prevailing winds. All these factors define, according to the author desirable comfort perimeter located between 21 and 25 degrees Celsius and humidity between 10 and 80%, adjusted and improved ventilation and the action of the winds.

schemes in Architecture and Climate are also contributing ideas to combat the problems arising from excessive solar penetration with simple solutions that you can increase the shadow areas on the facades and roofs of the building. Also raised the possibility of using the charitable of trees and vegetation, and the study of the convenient location of the buildings in relation to existing topography in places. It provided a simple and practical criteria to improve the quality of the indoor environment. Finally, the review of available solutions for intelligent and insulation gaps would also counteract the effects of low temperatures and extreme continental climates. Some indications that some might immediately associate with the wisdom and strategies that have traditionally used the anonymous builders of vernacular architecture.

The modeling of the environmental comfort zone architecture. Victor Olgvay, 1963

More recently proposed of Olgyay been realized in a way that deepens their scientific approach, using so-called welfare climograms. One of these diagrams has no doubt fortune is what has been called Climograma of Givoni (named after its creator Givoni Baruch Israeli architect). This tool analyzes the quality of climatic comfort according to the same conditions that Olgyay, but setting some areas of possible improvement of environmental quality. In Climograma of Givoni, made for each particular location, you can determine which times of the year in which you can enhance indoor environmental quality by using only passive elements as shading and ventilation. This, according to specific cards where the deployment of specific monthly representation known temperature and humidity in relation to the estimated comfort zone.

Climograma of Givoni applied to the specific climatic situation of Alcala de Henares. Source: Esther Higueras

This is one of the more elaborate techniques for the determination of appropriate thermal solutions for buildings, which relies on the determination of the particular climatic conditions of a geographic area. The construction diagram Givoni part of the design of the interface with the established comfort zone of humidity and average temperatures along the different months of the year and, from there, the definition of areas where improvements need to be acquired by different techniques, from natural ventilation to the use of specific machinery, and finally last.

By contrast, the English government has not taken into account at all these criteria and experiences in the demand for measures for the thermal control and comfort inside the building. Olgyay experience and Givoni has been ignored despite es una técnica avalada y contrastada internacionalmente. Un recurso técnico que ha sido adoptado como patrón de referencia incluso por la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (Asociación Americana de Ingenieros de Climatización).

La investigación sobre la forma en relación a las mejores condiciones de aprovechamiento térmico del soleamiento en una localización concreta. Sede del Ayuntamiento de Londres. Foster Ass.

En 2006, el Ministerio de Vivienda español presenta el Documento Básico de Ahorro de Energía (DB-HE), en desarrollo del Código Técnico de la Edificación , por el que se trataba de hacer más sostenible la edificación en este país y así tratar de cumplir los compromisos contraídos en relación al Protocolo de Kyoto. Un objetivo loable para racionalizar el uso de la energía y su consumo relacionado con la construcción.Posteriormente, ha adquirido vigencia también el denominado Procedimiento de Certificación Energética de los Edificios y el Reglamento de Instalaciones Térmicas en los Edificios , ambos promulgados por el Ministerio de Industria. De su lectura parecería que este latter body would promote technical solutions that have air-conditioning equipment used in any case, unnecessarily increasing energy consumption.

The problem is that all these documents are based on mandatory legal requirement is a common misconception that is the consideration of temperature alone as a measure of indoor environmental quality of buildings. Probably, writers uncritically transcribed schemes and criteria from the experience in the northern parts of Europe, where cold is very important factor. However, in the southern Mediterranean and Atlantic el problema del soleamiento es la cuestión esencial.

En este caso, una maraña legal y de dudosa validez científica está contribuyendo a establecer mayor complejidad en la redacción de los proyectos de arquitectura. Con ello se está obligando a incluir cálculos innecesarios y equivocados como parte obligatoria de la documentación exigible. Con toda probabilidad, el Código Técnico y sus Documentos Básicos van a producir, en muchos casos, el efecto opuesto a sus objetivos programáticos: una generación de edificios de peor calidad técnica y estética.--->